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Socio- Economic Dimensions Of The Textile Workers A Case Study Of Dindigul District In The State Of Tamilnadu  


Abstract Category: Accounts and Economics
Course / Degree: PhD Economics PhD/Prov.Reg/62-FT/2/2003
Institution / University: University of Madras, India
Published in: 2011


Thesis Abstract / Summary:

Introduction

The economic wealth of the working person depends on the work of the individual. The work also alters the social hierarchy of the individuals. Hence every individual employee expects social as well as the provision of higher economic status from the work or occupation. The economic growth of a country depends on the rate of industrialization in the country. But industrialization may not be achieved in the absence of any one of the factors namely, land, labour, capital and organizations. Though all the four factors of production seem to be equally important, still the progress of the industry mainly depends on the productive efficiency of the labour force. So labour should be considered as the most important factor for the growth of the industry.

The Indian Textile Industry has a significant presence in the Indian economy as well as in the International Textile company.  Its contribution to the Indian economy is in terms of its contribution to the industrial production, employment generation and foreign exchange earnings.  The Dindigul District is the one of the largest industrial district in the State of Tamil Nadu.  It has pioneered the growth of textile industry and engineering industry in the country and the majority of the population in Dindigul District depends on the textile mills and its ancillary and auxiliary industries for their livelihood.  Hence, the present study is a fact-findings exercise to know the socio-economic status of the workers in textile mills, the various problems faced by the workers and the extent of satisfaction derived and the factors influencing the satisfaction of the workers on working conditions in the textile mills.

Sampling Design

The Dindigul district is divided into eight taluks. Each taluk is considered a cluster.  The present study selected 10 mills in the universe of 196 registered textile mills in the district. As the study follows Cluster Sampling Method, proper attention is made to include a minimum of one mill from each cluster in the sample. A selection of 300 employees is made on a simple random basis at the rate of 30 from each selected mills.

Tools of Analysis

The conceptual framework employed in the empirical analysis of this research study largely rests on the earlier research work in this realm and documented through various studies on socio-economic conditions of textile mill workers from time to time. As employed by most studies mathematical tools such as Lorenz Curve, Gini co-efficient, variance of logarithms and disparity ratio analysis have been followed to estimate the socio-economic dimensions of textile mill workers in Dindigul district.

In order to analyze the problems faced by the workers, the researcher has used the Garrett’s ranking method to rank the important problems faced by the workers in corporate textile mills. The variables like education, nature of employment, experience, residence, social status and economic status of the workers are tested by the well-known statistical tool of ‘Chi – Square test’.

The factor wise analysis was made. The dependent variable ‘socio-economic status’ was related to independent factors influencing the same. The workers were grouped according to these factors and accordingly their mean and range of ‘socio-economic status scores’ for each factor group was calculated. In order to find the significance of the difference between the average, analysis of variance, ‘F’ test, co-efficient of correlation analysis and partial regression analysis have been applied.

Findings

The study of family pattern of sample respondents shows that an average family size for permanent workers of textile mills is 4.28 whereas it is 2.62 for contract workers. The family size is found to be less for the contract workers of textile mills. It is found that out of 188 respondents, majority of 64 (34.04 per cent) of the permanent workers are in the age group of 50 years, followed by 60 (31.91 per cent), 44 (23.40 per cent) and 20 (10.64 per cent) of the permanent workers are in the age group between 40-50 years, 30-40 years and below 30 years respectively.  Whereas in the case of contract workers, out of 112 respondents, majority of 52 (46.43 per cent) of them are in the age group between 40-50 years followed by 22 (19.64 per cent) 20 (17.86 per cent) and 18 (16.07 per cent) of them in the age group of 50 years and above between 30-40 years and below 30 years respectively.

The study shows that the average wage rate of Rs.200 to 250 per day per worker is found to be higher at 61.70 per cent in the case of permanent workers as compared to 60.71 per cent in the case of contract workers respondents. The average earnings of Rs.200 to 250 per day are also found to be higher at 72.34 per cent for permanent workers compared to 63.39 per cent in the case of contract workers. The number of respondents living in pucca house is found to be high among the permanent workers and mixed in the case of contract workers. There is no significant variation in the asset position of contract workers excepting that in addition to house they own land. By comparing the percentage share of per capita income of permanent and contract workers, the extent of inequality was higher in the case of permanent workers than in that of the contract workers.

It is found that the estimated value of Gini ratio was 0.2314 for permanent workers and 0.0962 for contract workers.  It clearly indicated that the numerical value in the case of permanent workers was higher than that of the contract workers.  This showed that the inequality in the distribution of per capita income was higher in permanent workers than contract workers. The ratio between the per capita income of the bottom 10 per cent and the top 10 per cent of permanent and contract workers was 1:1.80 and 1:5.08 respectively.  The disparity ratio indicated that there was a higher disparity in permanent workers than in the case of the contract workers.  It is inferred from the analysis that a greater variation was found in majority of variables which determine the per capita income in contract workers compared to permanent workers.

The main aim of the analysis is to highlight the dominant variables whose impact is deep.  It is found that the main problems related to monetary benefits are that of incentives and bonus. Fixation of bonus is a big problem every year.  The variables such as nature of employment, experience, community, size of family, social status and economic status have significant relationship with problems related to monetary benefits. All other three variables viz., education, age and the place of residence have no significant relationship with problems related to monetary benefits.

It is found that the training and promotion offered by the textile mills in Dindigul district is inadequate for enriching the knowledge of workers and is the foremost problem related to the non-monetary benefits. The variables such as education, age, experience, social status and economic status have significant relationship with problems related to non-monetary benefits. All other four variables viz., nature of employment, community, residence and size of family have no significant relationship with problems related to monetary benefits.

The average socio-economic status score of the sample respondents is 65.73 out of the maximum of 120. The study finds that 68 workers have low socio-economic status. It works out to 22.67 per cent. There are 162 (54%) respondents who have medium level of social status.  High level socio-economic status enjoyed by 70 (23.33%) workers. The middle-aged and old aged respondents have higher socio-economic status than the young aged respondents. The average socio-economic status score of the respondents is higher among the male than that of female respondents.  The average Socio-economic score of the rural area respondents is higher than that of the urban area respondents.

The average socio-economic status scores of the workers who are married are higher than those of the unmarried and it indicates that the married workers have more socio-economic status than the unmarried workers. The workers with formal education have higher socio-economic status than others. The average socio-economic status scores of the workers who are permanent workers are higher than those of the contract workers and it indicates that the permanent workers have more socio-economic status than the contract workers. The average socio-economic status scores of the workers who belong to the nuclear families are higher than the joint family members.

The average socio-economic status score of the respondents with small families is higher than that of the respondents with big size families.  The average socio-economic status score increases with the increase in number of years of experience. The average socio-economic status of high income group is the highest. It clearly shows that the workers of high income group have high level of socio-economic status than the low and middle income groups of workers.  The average socio-economic status score of the respondents is higher among the workers who are members in trade unions than those of the non-members.

 Twelve factors are identified and their influences on socio-economic status have been analyzed.  The influence of each factor has been tested with the help of correlation co-efficient.  Among the factors tested, the variables of age, sex, residence, marital status, education, nature of employment, size of the family, experience, income and membership are the significant influences on socio-economic status of textile mill workers. 

Suggestions

It has been suggested that the mills have to chalk - out various social welfare schemes for their workers, like assisting in educating the children of the workers and undertaking various voluntary welfare facilities like arranging the health check tip for the workers and their family members, establishing tie - ups with the medical and educational institutions for the benefit of the workers and their family members. It will help them to enrich their social - life even outside the working hours and working place. It will help the workers to realize higher status in the society because of their employment in this industry and provide higher level of satisfaction towards the working conditions in the mills.

It has been suggested that the trade unions have to develop and implement the programmes that strive the changes in the social and economic life of the workers. The Trade Unions themselves have to organize various schemes to improve health and hygiene of the workers, interpersonal relationship between the workers and they have to insist the management for the strict implementation of the various welfare measures given in various Acts and Laws. Further, special sessions have to be organized to the Union Leaders to influence the social as well as economic life of the members of the Trade Unions due to which the workers will get improvement in their social life also. This will result in the improvement of the Social Status of the workers as well as the management take steps for providing adequate non - monetary benefits and better working conditions.

It has been suggested that the efficient workers have to be identified and suitably rewarded. It will motivate other workers also to improve their efficiency this will lead to an increase in the efficiency as well as profits earned by the mills. If the extraordinary efficiency of the workers is properly rewarded and recognized by the mills, it will help the workers to get adequate recognition in the work place itself. The economic rewards and recognitions offered by the mills for the workers who have extraordinary efficiency will help them to realize higher status in the society and in the work place also.

It has been suggested that steps have to be taken by the mills to implement various voluntary welfare facilities such as educational facilities to the children of the workers, medical facilities to the family members of the workers, recreational and entertainment facilities etc., In addition to that the mills have to strictly implement the provisions of various Acts and Laws which have been implemented for the purpose of protecting the interests of the workers at the work place. The benefits derived by the workers because of such voluntary welfare facilities and statutory facilities offered by the mills will increase the satisfaction of the workers on the Working Conditions in the mills.

It has been suggested that the mills have to take steps for the improvement of these basic facilities at the work place as also in the other places in the mills like lunch room and rest rooms and this will be helpful in improving the work efficiency of the workers also. It has been suggested that the mills have to take positive steps for provision of better toilet facilities to the workers in the mills. The toilets in the mills have to be cleaned at regular intervals and adequate quantity of water has to be supplied for the toilets. By providing better lighting, ventilation, cleanliness and proper toilet facilities in the mills, the extent of satisfaction of the workers on the Working Conditions can be improved.

It has been suggested that the mills must have the strict implementation of the provisions relating to these Acts and Laws.    By way of providing the various facilities in accordance with the provisions of these Acts and Laws, the level of satisfaction derived by the workers on the Working Conditions in the mills can be improved.

Conclusion

Though the workers of this industry are engaged in satisfying one of the basic needs of the human life i.e. cloth, there is a general feeling among the workers that they have not been properly and adequately recognized, rewarded and provided with the better working conditions and it is hoped that this type of study and the suggestions contained therein will be useful to the workers thereby making their socio-economic status better.


Thesis Keywords/Search Tags:
textile workers, economic dimensions

This Thesis Abstract may be cited as follows:
Socio- ECONOMIC DIMENSIONS OF THE TEXTILE WORKERS A CASE STUDY OF DINDIGUL DISTRICT IN THE STATE OF TAMILNaDU, Eshwari  Rangaswamy, Ref No. PhD/Prov.Reg/62-FT/2/2003, University of  Madras, 2011  

Thesis Images:
Accounts and Economics - Socio- Economic Dimensions Of The Textile Workers                    A Case Study Of Dindigul District In The State Of Tamilnadu Dr Eshwari Rangaswamy
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Submission Details: Thesis Abstract submitted by Dr Eshwari Rangaswamy from India on 04-Jun-2011 09:32.
Abstract has been viewed 6340 times (since 7 Mar 2010).

Dr Eshwari Rangaswamy Contact Details: Email: asrinivas9999@yahoo.com Phone: 9842197498



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