Thesis Abstract and Dissertation Abstracts
Protestantism and Gamonalism in Puno: 1900 - 1930
Abstract Category: Other Categories
Course / Degree: Faculty of Social Sciences
Institution / University: Universidad Nacional del Altiplano, Sociology, Peru
Published in: 1986
The beginning of Twentieth Century saw mainly in the Aymara region of the Department of Puno two kinds of rural inhabitants characterized as “free indians” and the colonos. Both worked at traditional agricultural pursuits. The colonos owned neither land nor implements, and were themselves serfs on the haciendas or states of the gamonales. The “free indians” though very poor had collected into peasants communities or parcialidades. Their emergence from poverty required obtaining acces to the market economy where they could sell their agricultural and livestock products to make their transactions required obtaining Spanish literacy and the rudiments of mathematics. Their repeated requests for schools or even only teachers were ignored by the authorities even though the free indians offered to pay the teachers’ salaries. But gamonalismo influence dominated against any availability of help. Gamonalismic oppression was upheld alike by the llegal and religious establisment and by the Governor. All sectors of the established power militated to enforce this gamonal feudalism, both social and economic oppresions. This exploitation barred any entry of possible competition into market. Author Gamaliel Churata wrote that the government was the prime gamonal oppressor. Under gamonalismo, estates were enabled to expand by seizures of peasants lands, goods and livestock under force of violence. This long established system recurrently goaded+ Indians into delegations to present their complaints. Those most active in these appeals became the dynamic leadership against gamonalistic oppression.
Into this socio-economic context, whose prospect for climbing out of poverty depended on wool export, appeared foreign aid, mainly from the United States, in the form of persons who ministered to their health and educational needs. These were protestant missionaries from the Church of the Seventh Day Adventists. The Indians welcomed the new allies who did not exploit them. The social and educational assistance, and the introduction of the Indian into the market economy, was resented by the gamonal establisment. They inflicted violence against the Adventists and the Indians who accepted them. Freedom of worship in Peru was attained only in reaction to the fanaticism of an oppressive bishop. The contempt he evoked led to the legalization of Protestantism, which also motivated to cultivate material aid from the United States. The Adventists work accellerated in Puno. Construction of schools spread from the Aymara region into that of the Quechua. But schools were prohibited on the haciendas or states, whose gamonales now employed terroristic actions to counter the new social progress.
The Adventists pioneered in bringing social assistance for education and economic advancement to Indian rural life. Oother institutions have since added their efforts to contribute to the betterment of rural social conditions.
Thesis Keywords/Search Tags:
History of Protestantism, Seventh Day Adventists, protestant missionaries, Catholic Church, gamonalismo, foreign aid, social assistance, Peru, freedom of worship, Aymara peasants, Quechua, sociology
This Thesis Abstract may be cited as follows:
URVIOLA,Luis et. al (1986) Protestantism and Gamonalism in Puno: 1900 - 1930. Dissertation to obtain the degree, and the title, of sociologist. Universidad Nacional del Altiplano, Puno, Peru
Submission Details: Thesis Abstract submitted by Luis Urviola, Dina Zaravia, Francisco Agramonte from Peru on 26-Feb-2005 16:49.
Abstract has been viewed 2487 times (since 7 Mar 2010).
Luis Urviola, Dina Zaravia, Francisco Agramonte Contact Details: Email: urviolam@yahoo.com
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